WM OPHTHALMOLOGY 1
Update on common ocular emergencies & problems and their practical hands-on Mx, including appropriate examination. Topics will include the red eye, trauma, corneal ulcer, foreign bodies, pterygium, abrasion & acute glaucoma.
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ALM E Obstertric and Women's Health
S3B HSV AND HPV
This seminar will look at the clinical manifestations of genital herpes, both primary and recurrent; the differences between HSV1 and HSV2; implications of shedding, appropriate investigations and treatments. It will also look at the incidence of HPV in the community and clinical presentations, treatment and prevention.
S4A MISCARRIAGES & ECTOPIC PREGNANCIES – assessment & Rx
With abnormal vaginal bleeding the first step in DD is “Is she pregnant?”. This can easily be determined with a bHCG assay. If positive, determine whether the pregnancy is intrauterine, or could it be ectopic. Once the bHCG exceeds about 2000 IU/L, a transvaginal U/S scan should visualise intrauterine pregnancy. In the presence of a bHCG >2000, & an empty uterus, the DD of ectopic pregnancy has to be presumed, even though “no ectopic” can be seen. Once this DD is made, the decision is whether surgery is needed, whether methotrexate may be used, or watchful expectancy in case of a possible “tubal abortion”. Decision making is ruled by the clinical picture, & bHCG levels & how/if they are rising. In an intrauterine pregnancy, U/S is often helpful in establishing viability & this may need to be repeated at least 7 days later to assess viability/development. Miscarriages are classified as threatened, inevitable, incomplete & complete. These will be discussed during the seminar.
S14A PATHOLOGY TEST UPDATE for pregnant women & women with menstrual irregularities
This seminar will look at the recommended pathology tests for routine pregnancy and how they are interpreted. The possible use of some other more controversial tests will also be discussed. We will also review the useful investigations in women with menstrual irregularities as well as some of the pitfalls in their interpretation.
WK WOMEN’S HEALTH
1. Investigation of menstrual problems
Women commonly present to their GP with menstrual problems ranging from amenorrhoea to oligomenorrhoea to polymenorrhoea & this may be associated with perceived increase in menstrual blood loss (menorrhagia) and associated primary or secondary dysmenorrhoea. History & clinical examination will form the basis of the initial assessment followed by investigations that may include a haematological profile including clotting studies as well as endocrinological workup & ultrasound scan. Further invasive investigations may be required including diagnostic laparoscopy, hysteroscopy & endometrial sampling. The GP is ideally placed to assess women presenting with menstrual problems & organise the relevant investigations. Further Mx may require specialist referral.
2. Identification and treatment for polycystic ovaries
Polycystic ovaries – in approx. 20% of women – are the commonest cause of irregular periods in the reproductive age group. Polycystic ovarian syndrome is the name given to a condition in which polycystic ovaries are associated with a number of other significant symptoms & signs. Investigation hinges on ultrasound scan assessment of the ovaries as well as gonadotrophin hormone assessment. Rx depends on the desired end point which may include menstrual regulation, pregnancy & therapy directed towards hirsutism & skin changes.
4.Techniques for GPs to maximise & preserve male & female fertility
Infertility affects 1 in 6 Australian couples. Now that IVF has become so successful, it is often forgotten how changes in lifestyle factors can be a very important first step towards improving a couple’s fertility. The increasing trend for women to conceive at an older age has put an extra burden on GPs to make sure referral for infertility Rx is not delayed. Finding a balance is often not easy. This workshop will provide an update on useful lifestyle interventions to improve fertility & simple algorithms to assist with the decision on when to refer for specialist advice.
5. Adolescent women’s health including contraception
The principle reason that adolescents visit their GPs with gynaecological or women’s health issues is menstrual problems or contraceptive advice. The absence of periods by the age of 16 needs to be investigated. Heavy and painful periods can often be managed by oral contraceptives, and there is no contra-indication to introducing these if indicated. Contraception for teenagers is usually best managed by hormonal methods. The “Double Dutch” method of using condoms in addition should be encouraged to decrease the risk of STI transmission.
The diagnosis of PCO should be considered in young women who present with acne. These women benefit from early advice on lifestyle, with respect to diet and exercise.
WP 2. COMMON STIs – testing and Mx
His interactive workshop will look at key points about STIs viz. chlamydia, HPV, syphilis & gonorrhoea – especially so since the incidence has been increasing in Victoria.
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